This study investigated the effect of socio-economic background on the performance of students in Economics in senior secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted. Instrument used for data collection were Students’ Socio-economic Background Questionnaire(r=0.82) and Achievement Test(r=0.77) in Economics. The participants were 300 students from 20 Local Government Area of Ogun State (150 students per LGA). The result revealed that students from high Socio-economic background performed better in Economics than their counterparts from low Socio-economic background. Also, parental attitude had influence on academic performance of students in Economics in senior secondary schools in Ogun State. From the finding, it became clear that if illiteracy is eradicated in our society, people would realize the importance of Economics as a school subject in the society.